TO LEWIS CAMPBELL, Esq.
Glenlair, 5/6 July 1848.
I was much
glad of your letter, and will be
thankful for a
repetition. I understand better about your not coming.
[118] I have regularly set up
shop now above
the wash-house at the gate, in a garret. I have an old door
set
on two barrels, and two chairs, of which one is safe, and a skylight
above,
which will slide up and down. On the door (or table), there is a lot of
bowls, jugs, plates, jam pigs, etc., containing water, salt,
soda,
sulphuric acid, blue vitriol, plumbago ore; also broken glass, iron,
and
copper wire, copper and zinc plate, bees' wax,
sealing wax,
clay, rosin, charcoal, a lens, a Smee's Galvanic apparatus, and a
countless
variety of little beetles, spiders, and wood lice, which fall
into
the different liquids and poison themselves. I intend to get up
some
more galvanism in jam pigs; but I must first copper the interiors of
the
pigs, so I am experimenting on the best methods of
electrotyping.
So I am making copper seals with the device of a beetle. First, I
thought
a beetle was a good conductor, so I embedded one in
wax
(not
at all cruel, because I slew him in boiling water in which he
never
kicked), leaving his back out; but he would not do. Then I took a cast
of him in sealing wax, and pressed wax
into the
hollow,
and black-leaded it with a brush; but neither would that do. So at last
I took my fingers and rubbed it, which I find the best way to
use
the black lead. Then it coppered famously. I melt out the wax with the
lens, that being the cleanest way of
getting a strong
heat, so I do most things with it that need heat. To-day I astonished
the
natives as follows. I took a crystal of blue vitriol and put the lens
to
it, and so drove off the water, leaving a
white
powder.
Then I did the same to some washing soda, and mixed the two white
powders
together; and made a small native spit on them, which turned
them
green by a mutual exchange, thus:—1. Sulphate of copper
and
carbonate
of soda. 2. Sulphate of soda and carbonate of copper (blue or green).
With
regard to electro-magnetism you may
tell Bob that
I have not begun the machine he speaks of, being occupied
with
better
plans, one of which is rather down cast, however, because the machine
when
tried went a bit and stuck; and I did not
find out
the
impediment till I had dreamt over it properly, which I consider
the
best mode of resolving difficulties of a particular kind, which may be
found out by thought, or especially by the laws of
association.
Thus, you are going along the road with a key in your pocket. You hear
a clink behind you, but do not look round, thinking it is
nothing
particular; when you get home the key is gone; so you dream it
all
over, and though you have forgotten everything else, you remember the
look
of the place, but do not remember the locality (that is, as
thus,
"Near a large thistle on the left side of the road"—nowhere
in
particular,
but so that it can be found). Next day comes a woman from the
peats
who has found the key in a corresponding place. This
is not
"believing in dreams," for the dream did not point out the place by the
general locality, but by the lie of
the ground.
Please to
write and tell how Academy matters
go, if they are
coming to a head. I am reading Herodotus,
Euterpe,
having
taken the turn; that is to say, that sometimes I can do props, read
diff.
and Int. Calc., Poisson, Hamilton's dissertations,
etc.
Off,
then I take back to experiments, history of what you may call it, make
up leeway in the newspapers, read Herodotus, and
draw the
figures
of the curves above. O deary, 11 P.M! Hoping to see
you
before
October. . . . I defer till to-morrow.
July 6. To-day I
have set on to the coppering of the
jam pig which I
polished yesterday.
I
have stuck in the wires better than
ever, and it is
going on at a great rate, being a rainy day, and the skylight
shut
and a smell of Hydrogen gas. I have left it for an hour to read
Poisson,
as I am pleased with him to-day. [120] Sometimes I
do not
like
him, because he pretends to give information as to calculations of
sorts,
whereas he only tells how it might be done if you
were
allowed
an infinite time to do it in, as well as patience. Of course he
never
stoops to give a particular example or even class of them. He tells
lies
about the way people make barometers, etc.
I bathe regularly
every day when dry,
and try aquatic experiments.
I first made a survey of
the pool, and took soundings
and marked rocky
places well, as the water is so brown that one cannot see one's knees
(pure
peat, not mud). People are cutting peats now. So I have found a way
ofswimming
round the pool without knocking knees. The lads are afraid of melting,
except one. No one here would touch water if they could help it,
because
there are two or three eels in the pool, whicle are thought near
as
bad as adders.
I took down the clay gun and made a centrifugal pump of it;
also
tried experiments on sound under water, which is very distinct, and I
can
understand how fishes can be stunned by knocking a stone.
We sometimes get a rope, which I take hold of at one end, and Bob
Fraser
the other, standing on the rock; and after a flood, when the water is
up,
there is sufficient current to keep me up like a kite without striking
at all.
The thermometer ranged
yesterday from 35° to
69°.
I have made regular figures of 14, 26, 32, 38, 62, and 102 sides of
cardboard.
Latest intelligence—Electric Telegraph. This is going so as
to make
a compass spin very much. I must go to see my pig, as it is an hour and
half since I left it; so, sir, am your afft. friend,
JAMES CLERK MAXWELL.
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